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Cardiac Arrhythmia

Cardiac arrhythmia refers to abnormal heart rhythms caused by disturbances in the heart’s electrical system. There are two main categories of arrhythmias:

Bradyarrhythmias

  • Slow heart rate (< 60 beats/minute in adults)
  • Can be caused by AV blocks or sinus node dysfunction
  • Symptoms may include fatigue, dizziness, and fainting

Tachyarrhythmias

  • Rapid heart rate (> 100 beats/minute in resting adults)
  • Can originate in the atria or ventricles
  • Common types include:
  • Atrial fibrillation (AFib): Irregular, rapid atrial contractions
  • Atrial flutter: Regular but rapid atrial contractions
  • Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT): Rapid heartbeat originating above the ventricles
  • Ventricular tachycardia: Rapid heartbeat originating in the ventricles

Diagnosis

  • Physical examination
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG)
  • Holter monitor or event recorder
  • Echocardiogram
  • Stress test

Treatment

Treatment depends on the type and severity of arrhythmia:

  • Medications (antiarrhythmic drugs)
  • Cardioversion (electrical or chemical)
  • Catheter ablation
  • Implantable devices (pacemakers or cardioverter-defibrillators)
  • Lifestyle changes

Early diagnosis and proper management are crucial for preventing complications like stroke or heart failure.