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Bradypnea

Bradypnea is an abnormally slow breathing rate. For most adults, this means fewer than 12 breaths per minute. The specific rate that defines bradypnea varies by age:

  • Age 0-1 year: < 30 breaths per minute
  • Age 1-3 years: < 25 breaths per minute
  • Age 3-12 years: < 20 breaths per minute
  • Age 12-50 years: < 12 breaths per minute
  • Age 50 and up: < 13 breaths per minute

Causes

Common causes of bradypnea include:

  • Opioid use or overdose
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Brain disorders or injuries
  • Toxin exposure
  • Heart conditions
  • Medications (e.g., sedatives, anesthesia)
  • Alcohol consumption

Symptoms

Bradypnea may be accompanied by:

  • Dizziness
  • Fatigue or weakness
  • Chest pain
  • Shortness of breath
  • Confusion or memory impairment
  • Fainting or near-fainting

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis typically involves measuring the respiratory rate and identifying the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the cause and may include:

  • Supplemental oxygen
  • Addressing the primary condition (e.g., thyroid medication for hypothyroidism)
  • Naloxone for opioid overdose
  • Addiction recovery programs
  • Supportive care or surgery for head injuries