Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in, leading to insufficient water and other fluids for normal bodily functions.

Causes

• Excessive sweating
• Diarrhea and vomiting
• Not drinking enough water
• Fever
• Frequent urination (e.g., due to diabetes or certain medications)
• Severe burns

Risk Factors

• Athletes and people working in hot environments
• Older adults
• Individuals with chronic conditions
• Infants and young children
• People at high altitudes

Symptoms

Mild to Moderate Dehydration

• Thirst
• Dry or sticky mouth
• Dark yellow urine
• Decreased urine output
• Headache
• Fatigue
• Dizziness
• Dry skin

Severe Dehydration

• Very dark urine or no urine output
• Rapid heartbeat and breathing
• Sunken eyes
• Confusion or irritability
• Fainting

Diagnosis

Doctors typically diagnose dehydration based on physical signs and symptoms. Additional tests may include:

• Blood tests to check electrolyte levels and kidney function
• Urinalysis to assess hydration status and check for infections

Treatment

Mild Dehydration

• Increase fluid intake (water, electrolyte drinks, or oral rehydration solutions)
• Avoid diuretics like coffee, tea, and alcohol

Moderate to Severe Dehydration

• May require medical attention and intravenous fluids

For infants and young children, oral rehydration solutions like Pedialyte are recommended. Start with small sips and increase gradually.

Prevention is key: drink fluids regularly, especially during hot weather or when ill.