Galactorrhea is a condition characterized by the production of breast milk unrelated to pregnancy or breastfeeding. It can affect both women and men, and even infants.

Symptoms

• Milky nipple discharge from one or both breasts
• Irregular or absent menstrual periods in women
• Headaches
• Vision problems
• Decreased libido
• Erectile dysfunction in men

Causes

Galactorrhea is often caused by elevated levels of prolactin, the hormone responsible for milk production. Common causes include:

• Pituitary tumors (prolactinomas)
• Medications: Antipsychotics, antidepressants, blood pressure medications
• Hypothyroidism
• Chronic stress
• Frequent nipple stimulation

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves:

• Medical history review
• Physical examination
• Blood tests: To measure prolactin levels
• Imaging studies: MRI or CT scan to check for pituitary tumors

Treatment

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include:

• Discontinuing or changing medications
• Medications to lower prolactin levels (e.g., bromocriptine, cabergoline)
• Treatment for underlying conditions (e.g., thyroid hormone replacement for hypothyroidism)
• Surgery or radiation therapy for pituitary tumors in severe cases

In some cases, galactorrhea may resolve on its own without treatment. Lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding excessive breast stimulation, may help reduce symptoms.