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Dental, Oral, and Maxillofacial Diseases

Hair Changes

Several medical conditions can cause hair changes, with varying clinical manifestations and diagnostic approaches. Here are some key conditions and their associated features:

Androgenetic Alopecia

Clinical Manifestation

  • Gradual thinning on the top of the head
  • Receding hairline in men
  • Widening part in women

Diagnostic Approach

  • Physical examination of scalp
  • Hair pull test
  • Trichoscopy
  • Scalp biopsy in some cases

Alopecia Areata

Clinical Manifestation

  • Sudden hair loss in round or oval patches
  • Smooth, bald areas on the scalp or beard
  • Possible loss of eyebrows, eyelashes, or body hair

Diagnostic Approach

  • Physical examination
  • Hair pull test
  • Trichoscopy
  • Scalp biopsy in some cases

Telogen Effluvium

Clinical Manifestation

  • Diffuse hair thinning
  • Increased hair shedding
  • Often triggered by stress, illness, or hormonal changes

Diagnostic Approach

  • Detailed medical history
  • Hair pull test
  • Trichogram
  • Blood tests to rule out underlying conditions

Lupus

Clinical Manifestation

  • Patchy hair loss
  • Scarring alopecia in some cases
  • Other systemic symptoms (e.g., skin rashes, joint pain)

Diagnostic Approach

  • Physical examination
  • Blood tests for autoantibodies
  • Scalp biopsy

Thyroid Disorders

Clinical Manifestation

  • Diffuse hair thinning
  • Dry, brittle hair
  • Changes in hair texture

Diagnostic Approach

  • Thyroid function tests (TSH, T3, T4)
  • Physical examination
  • Detailed medical history

Nutritional Deficiencies

Clinical Manifestation

  • Diffuse hair thinning
  • Brittle or dry hair
  • Changes in hair color or texture

Diagnostic Approach

  • Blood tests for nutrient levels (e.g., iron, vitamin D, zinc)
  • Detailed dietary history
  • Physical examination

Trichotillomania

Clinical Manifestation

  • Patchy hair loss
  • Broken hairs of varying lengths
  • Often affects the scalp, eyebrows, or eyelashes

Diagnostic Approach

  • Psychological evaluation
  • Trichoscopy
  • Scalp biopsy in some cases

For accurate diagnosis of hair changes, a comprehensive approach including detailed history, physical examination, and appropriate laboratory tests is essential. Trichoscopy has become an invaluable tool in the diagnosis of various hair disorders, allowing for non-invasive examination of hair and scalp structures.